Up-regulation of PPARγ in myocardial infarction

Background: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators for cardiac energymetabolism after myocardial injury.We hypothesized, that PPARs are regulated in myocardial infarction (MI) and their activity is modulated by angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Methods: Following induction of MI, male rats were treated with placebo or the ARB irbesartan for three weeks. PPARα, β/δ and γ protein expression and gene expression of PPAR target genes and glucose transporters were measured. PPARγ-protein expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results: MI decreased LVP and dp/dtmax and increased LVEDP, this effect was counteracted by irbesartan. PPARα and PPARβ/δ protein expression was not altered in MI and was not affected by irbesartan. PPARγ protein content was increased in the infarcted area and localized to cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. In parallel, expression of CTGF was increased 10-fold in the infarcted zone. PPAR target genes (CD36, MCAD, ACO and GLUT4) were significantly decreased in infarcted tissue, and this was unaffected by irbesartan. However, CD36 and ACO in the non-infarcted areas were up-regulated by irbesartan. Conclusion: Endogenous up-regulation of PPARγ in MI is insufficient to counteract the decrease in metabolic genes, but parallels an increase in the profibrotic mediator CTGF. Irbesartan increases fatty acid oxidating enzymes after MI independent of PPARγ regulation. © 2007 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ve rity on Fe